Resistance and Resilience (1000–1700 CE): CBSE Class 9 History practice questions

B. Resilience lets communities endure hardship, and that endurance is what keeps resistance going

Resistance means actively opposing a force or threat to protect political power, territory, interests or cultural identity, and it can take the form of warfare, alliances, diplomacy or negotiation, so A is too narrow. Resilience is the capacity to survive, adapt and preserve inherited traditions in hard times. A political cause or leadership creates the condition for resistance, but the ability to endure comes from resilience, which is why resilience is called the backbone of resistance. C and D contradict the chapter's many examples of kingdoms and communities that resisted for centuries.

A. 60 maunds

Land tax $= 50\% \times 140 = 70$ maunds, so the peasant keeps $140 - 70 - 10 = 60$ maunds. 70 forgets the other taxes; 80 adds the 10 maunds instead of subtracting them; 126 uses 10% instead of 50%. Land revenue was the state's main source of income, and the chapter notes that its collection became increasingly strict and exploitative.

C. Surplus farm produce of fertile plains fed by perennial rivers

The surplus agrarian produce of fertile plains watered by perennial rivers gave people economic well-being, and it also became a major reason for the invasions. European companies arrived only from the 16th century, long after the invasions began. From the mid-7th century, Arab forces invaded by sea and land and were repulsed by rulers across the Deccan, Malwa, Kashmir and Rajasthan.